Medieval Arabs have nothing to do with any of these texts. Arabs did
text translations, they did not write Greek originals.
text translations, they did not write Greek originals.
The Arabs did have their own physiognomic tradition which was based in
large part to the Greek one, however, modified to elevate their
status.
large part to the Greek one, however, modified to elevate their
status.
The Physiognomica of Aristotle is generally agreed not to be written
by Aristotle but by a Greek writer who lived soon after his time.
Polemon lived soon after, and Adamantius lived in the 4th-5th c. AD
but based his work on that of Polemon, whom he excerpts/paraphrases.
by Aristotle but by a Greek writer who lived soon after his time.
Polemon lived soon after, and Adamantius lived in the 4th-5th c. AD
but based his work on that of Polemon, whom he excerpts/paraphrases.
About Northern Europids :
Quote:
"The consequence is that in such a state wealth is too highly valued, especially if the citizen fall under the dominion of their wives, after the manner of most warlike races, except the Celts and such other races who openly approve of male loves." - Aristotle, Politics
"The consequence is that in such a state wealth is too highly valued, especially if the citizen fall under the dominion of their wives, after the manner of most warlike races, except the Celts and such other races who openly approve of male loves." - Aristotle, Politics
Quote:
"And among barbarians the Celts also, though they have very beautiful women, enjoy boys more" - Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae
"And among barbarians the Celts also, though they have very beautiful women, enjoy boys more" - Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae
Quote:
"Although they have good-looking women, they pay very little attention to them, but are really crazy about having sex with men. They are accustomed to sleep on the ground on animal skins and roll around with male bed-mates on both sides. Heedless of their own dignity, they abandon without qualm the bloom of their bodies to others. And the most incredible thing is that they don't think this is shameful. But when they proposition someone, they consider it dishonourable if he doesn't accept the offer!" - Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
"Although they have good-looking women, they pay very little attention to them, but are really crazy about having sex with men. They are accustomed to sleep on the ground on animal skins and roll around with male bed-mates on both sides. Heedless of their own dignity, they abandon without qualm the bloom of their bodies to others. And the most incredible thing is that they don't think this is shameful. But when they proposition someone, they consider it dishonourable if he doesn't accept the offer!" - Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
About preferences of the Greeks :
Quote:
"One, because his nose is tip tilted, you will praise as piquant, the beak of another you pronounce right royal, the intermediate type you say strikes the harmonious mean,the swarthy are of manly aspect, the white are children of the gods divinely fair, and as for honey hued, do you suppose the very word is anything but the euphemistic invention of some lover who can feel no distaste for sallowness when it accompanies the blooming time of youth?" Plato, Republic
"One, because his nose is tip tilted, you will praise as piquant, the beak of another you pronounce right royal, the intermediate type you say strikes the harmonious mean,the swarthy are of manly aspect, the white are children of the gods divinely fair, and as for honey hued, do you suppose the very word is anything but the euphemistic invention of some lover who can feel no distaste for sallowness when it accompanies the blooming time of youth?" Plato, Republic
Blondness might be admired for its beauty on northern europid females
swarthy = manly aspect
The doctrine of the Mean: straight noses (neither concave nor convex) honey-colored skin, neither too pale nor swarthy.
swarthy = manly aspect
The doctrine of the Mean: straight noses (neither concave nor convex) honey-colored skin, neither too pale nor swarthy.
Quote:
Underneath the forehead are two eyebrows. Straight eyebrows are a sign of softness of disposition; such as curve in towards the nose, of harshness; such as curve out towards the temples, of humour and dissimulation; such as are drawn in towards one another, of jealousy.
Under the eyebrows come the eyes. These are naturally two in number. Each of them has an upper and a lower eyelid, and the hairs on the edges of these are termed "eyelashes". The central part of the eye includes the moist part whereby vision is effected, termed the "pupil", and the part surrounding it called the "black"; the part outside this is the "white". A part common to the upper and lower eyelid is a pair of nicks or corners, one in the direction of the nose, and the other in the direction of the temples. When these are long they are a sign of bad disposition; if the side toward the nostril be fleshy and comb-like, they are a sign of dishonesty. Aristotle’s 4th c. BC testimony (Historia Animalium, 419b, 21).
Underneath the forehead are two eyebrows. Straight eyebrows are a sign of softness of disposition; such as curve in towards the nose, of harshness; such as curve out towards the temples, of humour and dissimulation; such as are drawn in towards one another, of jealousy.
Under the eyebrows come the eyes. These are naturally two in number. Each of them has an upper and a lower eyelid, and the hairs on the edges of these are termed "eyelashes". The central part of the eye includes the moist part whereby vision is effected, termed the "pupil", and the part surrounding it called the "black"; the part outside this is the "white". A part common to the upper and lower eyelid is a pair of nicks or corners, one in the direction of the nose, and the other in the direction of the temples. When these are long they are a sign of bad disposition; if the side toward the nostril be fleshy and comb-like, they are a sign of dishonesty. Aristotle’s 4th c. BC testimony (Historia Animalium, 419b, 21).
Evidence that greeks were usually dark-eyed, the much earlier name for the iris of the eye was “the black” (to melan)
Quote:
Statues’ eyes should be painted black so that they will have the appearance of eyes, and not some exotic color, by painting eyes in proportion (i.e., black) and all other parts of the body in proportion, then the result is “beautiful.” Plato, Republic
Statues’ eyes should be painted black so that they will have the appearance of eyes, and not some exotic color, by painting eyes in proportion (i.e., black) and all other parts of the body in proportion, then the result is “beautiful.” Plato, Republic
Quote:
If a man's succeeding or not succeeding is due to his being of a certain sort, as a man does not see clearly because he has blue eyes, not fortune but nature is the cause; therefore he is not a man who has good fortune but one who has as it were a good nature.
If a man's succeeding or not succeeding is due to his being of a certain sort, as a man does not see clearly because he has blue eyes, not fortune but nature is the cause; therefore he is not a man who has good fortune but one who has as it were a good nature.
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